June 2014 Brief Communications
An unusual combination of Unilateral Orbital Plexiform Neurofibroma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism Saravanan J, Rajendraprasad A, Priyadharshni S A 70‑year‑old female patient presented with proptosis of right eye for the past 15 days and defective vision in both eyes since birth. She was found to have eccentric painful proptosis of right eye along with features of oculocutaneous albinism. Eccentric proptosis was due to an orbital mass which proved to be a plexiform neurofibroma by histopathological examination. The case is presented for its rarity, as an isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis is rare and its coincidental presentation with oculocutaneous albinism is yet rare and has not been reported so far. Key words: Oculocutaneous albinism, orbital plexiform neurofibroma, proptosis
Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumors consisting of Schwann cells, fibroblasts and embedded axons. The most common location of neurofibromas is the lower limb followed by the upper limbs, trunk, the head and neck. [1] Neurofibromas of the orbit are rare.[2] Orbital neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis 1 or Von Recklinghausen’s disease have been reported.[3] Isolated orbital neurofibroma unassociated with systemic neurofibromatosis is relatively rare.[4]
Case Report A 70‑year‑old female with oculocutaneous albinism, presented with proptosis of the right eye for 15 days and defective vision of both eyes since birth, which got worsened in the right eye for the past 15 days. There was no similar history among family members. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of HM and 20/400 in RE and LE, respectively. Eccentric proptosis of right eye was seen (27 mm Hertel in RE and 15 mm Hertel in LE) with fullness in the superotemporal quadrant of the right orbit [Fig. 1]. Extra ocular movements were restricted in all directions. Anterior segment of both eyes showed iris transillumination defects, a normal pupillary reaction and nuclear sclerosis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal. Hypopigmentation of fundus with foveal hypoplasia was seen in both eyes. Ultrasound of right eye showed low to moderate echogenic mass in the superotemporal quadrant of the orbit. [Fig. 2] Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of orbit showed a well‑defined lobulated, elongated mass of mixed intensity, measuring 7.1 × 3.6 × 2.8 cm with well‑enhancing solid and non‑enhancing cystic areas in the
Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and is typically characterized by a congenital reduction or absence of melanin pigment. These disorders are generally sub‑classified as oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism based on the extent of pigmentation of the skin, hair and eye. Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of 4 autosomal recessive disorders; whereas ocular albinism is X‑linked or uncommonly autosomal recessive. The coincidental presentation of oculocutaneous albinism with isolated plexiform orbital neurofibroma without any systemic manifestations of neurofibromatosis is very rare.
Figure 1: Proptosis of right eye in oculocutaneous albinism
Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijo.in DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.136259 PMID: ***
Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India Correspondence to: Dr. J Saravanan, Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore‑641 018, Tamil Nadu. India. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21.09.13; Revision accepted: 19.12.13
735
Figure 2: B-scan shows orbital mass indenting the eye ball
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there was erosion of roof of the orbit with intracranial and extra dural extension. Optic nerve was displaced inferiorly by the mass. There was erosion of medial wall of the orbit with extension into the posterior ethmoidal sinus [Figs. 3 and 4]. Imaging features were in favor of orbital neurofibroma, so radiologist suggested fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Excision biospy was performed under general anesthesia (GA). Histopathological examination (HPE) showed features suggestive of plexiform neurofibroma. [Fig. 5] Neurosurgeon’s opinion was obtained. However, they could not guarantee a total extirpation of the intracranial part of the plexiform neurofibroma. Malignant transformation of intraorbital neurofibroma during radiation therapy has been reported.[5]Hence, radiotherapy was not advised. The patient was advised periodic follow up but she did not turn up. Figure 3: CT orbit shows cystic mass with peripheral enhancement extending into cavernous sinus with eroding lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Discussion Neurofibromas of the orbit are rare and account for 0.6-2.4% of all orbital tumors.[2] They may be of three subtypes namely, plexiform, diffuse and localized neurofibromas. Plexiform neurofibromas, the most common orbital subtype, occur exclusively in neurofibromatosis type 1.[6] Diffuse neurofibromas are usually the dermal variants; they rarely affect the orbit and are clinically indistinguishable from the plexiform subtype. Histologically, diffuse neurofibromas show greater cellularity, less collagen deposition, and lack the cellular peri‑neural sheathing characteristic of plexiform neurofibromas. Both the plexiform and diffuse subtypes lack clear margination and tend to be highly vascular.[6,7] Localized neurofibromas of the orbit are uncommon. They are relatively well circumscribed and much less vascular.[8]
Figure 4: MRI orbit shows mass with cystic space extending into cavernous sinus
Though this patient was diagnosed to have plexiform neurofibroma of the orbit, other clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis 1 were absent. Isolated plexiform neurofibromas without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 have been reported at other anatomical sites;[9] however, their location in orbit is relatively rare. Similar cases of orbital plexiform neurofibromas without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 have been reported in literature.[10] Oculocutaneous albinism is associated with syndromes such as Prader willi syndrome, Angelmann syndrome, Hermansky Pudlack syndrome and Chediak‑Higashi syndrome. [11] Oculocutaneous albinism has also been associated with other ocular disorders like Axenfield’s anomaly.[12] A very rare case has been reported showing the genetic associations between partial albinism and neurofibromatosis in two daughters of a family along with Axenfield’s defect, congenital deafness and peroneal muscular dystrophy.[13]
Figure 5: Histopathological study reveals plexiform neurofibroma H and E, ×10)
superior part of the right orbit. The mass extended posteriorly through the superior orbital fissure into the right cavernous sinus. Invasion of the lesser wing of sphenoid was also noted. Superiorly
However, isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma in association with albinism has not been reported so far. This rare case is reported for the coincidental presentation of oculocutaneous albinism and isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma without any systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 in the same patient and probably the first case to be reported.
June 2014 Brief Communications
References 1. Odebode TO, Afolayan EA, Adigun IA, Daramola OO. Clinicopathological study of neurofibromatosis type 1: An experience in Nigeria. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:116‑20. 2. Kuo PK, NI C, Seddon JM, Wu BF, Chen YJ. Orbital tumors among Chinese in the Shanghai area. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1982;22:87‑98. 3. Porterfield JF. Orbital tumours in children: A report on 214 cases. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1962;2:319‑35. 4. Funarunart P, Kayasut K, Hirunpat S, Preechawai P. Isolated orbital neurofibroma in NF‑1 negative patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2011;94:1281‑2. 5. Jamjoom AB, Malabarey T, Jamjoom ZA, Al‑Sohaibani M, Hulailah A, Kolawole T. Cerebro‑vasculopathy and malignancy: Catastrophic complications of radiotherapy for optic nerve glioma in a von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis patient. Neurosurg Rev 1996;19:47‑51. 6. Henderson JW, Campbell RJ, Farrow GM, Garrity JA. 3 rd. New York: Raven Press; 1994. Orbital tumors; pp. 221–37. 7. McLean IW, Burnier MN, Zimmerman LE, Jakobiec FA. In: Atlas of tumor pathology. 3rd. Rosai J, Sobin LH, editors. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1994. Tumors of the eye and adnexa; pp. 101-27.
737
8. Krohel GB, Rosenberg PN, Wright JE, Smith RS. Localized orbital neurofibromas. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:458‑8. 9. Blakley P, Louis DN, Short MP, MacCollin M. A clinical study of patients with multiple isolated neurofibromas. J Med Genet 2001;38:485‑8. 10. Jank S, Raubenheimer EJ, Bouckaert MR, Obrist P, Bodner G, Rudisch A, et al. Intraorbital plexiform neurofibroma in an NF‑1‑negative patient. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 2007;36:240‑4. 11. Olasode OA, Olateju OA, Olabanji JK, Olasode BJ. A review of Oculocutaneous Albinism and its syndromes. Egypt Dermatol Online J 2006;2:6. 12. Keshav BR, Mohammed MJ, Mahmood N. Oculocutaneous Albinism associated with Axenfeld’s Anomaly Three case reports. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2010;10:111‑3. 13. Bradley WG, Richardson J, Frew IJ. The familial association of neurofibromatosis, peroneal muscular atrophy, congenital deafness, partial albinism, and axenfeld’s defect. Brain 1974;97:521‑32. Cite this article as: Saravanan J, Rajendraprasad A, Priyadharshni S. An unusual combination of Unilateral Orbital Plexiform Neurofibroma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:735-7. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
Laboratory analyses of two explanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses
IOL optic, which had no change next to the surface. Further studies on these phenomena are needed.
Yunhai Dai *, Yusen Huang *, Ting Liu , Lixin Xie
Current soft foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) are usually made of silicone, hydrophilic acrylic, or hydrophobic acrylic. However, silicone IOLs may react with the silicone oil used in vitreoretinal surgery. Opacification and calcium deposits have been observed in different hydrophilic IOL models.[1,2] Hydrophobic acrylic IOLs present the phenomena of glistenings and/or surface light scattering.[3] Controversy remains on whether the severity of glistenings or surface light scattering could impact the visual function over time, with very few reports of IOL explantation. Herein, we report two cases of hydrophobic acrylic IOL explantation and related laboratory analyses.
1,2
2
2
2
Two three‑piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) were explanted from two patients at 7 and 9 years, respectively, after implantation, because of poor fundus visualisation and/or a clinically significant decrease in visual acuity related to their opacified IOLs. In addition to light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for the first time to observe the explanted IOLs. The clinical aspect seemed to correspond to the phenomenon of surface light scattering, while laboratory analyses showed dense glistenings in the central layer of the Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijo.in DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.136262 PMID: ***
Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China 1
Correspondence to: Lixin Xie, Shandong Eye Institute, 5 Yanerdao Road, Qingdao 266071, China. E‑mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 14.06.13; Revision accepted: 22.09.13 *Y. D and Y. H contributed equally to the work.
Key words: Glistenings, hydrophobic acrylic, intraocular lens
Case Reports Case 1 A 65‑year‑old man underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (Alcon MA60MA + 1.0 diopters, serial number 635084.092) in his right eye for cataract complicated with high myopia on April 17, 2002. Nine years later, the postoperative best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decreased from 20/40 (0.3 logMAR) to 20/200 (1.0 logMAR), and fundus visualization was obscured by the opacified IOL [Fig. 1a]. IOL explantation/replacement was thus performed, resulting in postoperative BCVA of 20/70 (0.5 logMAR) and improved fundus visualization with the new lens. Case 2 A 47‑year‑old man, who was diagnosed with cataract and Fuch’s corneal dystrophy in both eyes, underwent penetrating keratoplasty combined with IOL implantation (Alcon MA60MA + 5.0 diopters, serial number 774087.091) in his left eye, with postoperative BCVA of 20/40 (0.3 logMAR). Seven years later, he developed secondary glaucoma and
Copyright of Indian Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
An unusual combination of Unilateral Orbital Plexiform Neurofibroma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism Saravanan J, Rajendraprasad A, Priyadharshni S A 70‑year‑old female patient presented with proptosis of right eye for the past 15 days and defective vision in both eyes since birth. She was found to have eccentric painful proptosis of right eye along with features of oculocutaneous albinism. Eccentric proptosis was due to an orbital mass which proved to be a plexiform neurofibroma by histopathological examination. The case is presented for its rarity, as an isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis is rare and its coincidental presentation with oculocutaneous albinism is yet rare and has not been reported so far. Key words: Oculocutaneous albinism, orbital plexiform neurofibroma, proptosis
Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumors consisting of Schwann cells, fibroblasts and embedded axons. The most common location of neurofibromas is the lower limb followed by the upper limbs, trunk, the head and neck. [1] Neurofibromas of the orbit are rare.[2] Orbital neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis 1 or Von Recklinghausen’s disease have been reported.[3] Isolated orbital neurofibroma unassociated with systemic neurofibromatosis is relatively rare.[4]
Case Report A 70‑year‑old female with oculocutaneous albinism, presented with proptosis of the right eye for 15 days and defective vision of both eyes since birth, which got worsened in the right eye for the past 15 days. There was no similar history among family members. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of HM and 20/400 in RE and LE, respectively. Eccentric proptosis of right eye was seen (27 mm Hertel in RE and 15 mm Hertel in LE) with fullness in the superotemporal quadrant of the right orbit [Fig. 1]. Extra ocular movements were restricted in all directions. Anterior segment of both eyes showed iris transillumination defects, a normal pupillary reaction and nuclear sclerosis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal. Hypopigmentation of fundus with foveal hypoplasia was seen in both eyes. Ultrasound of right eye showed low to moderate echogenic mass in the superotemporal quadrant of the orbit. [Fig. 2] Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of orbit showed a well‑defined lobulated, elongated mass of mixed intensity, measuring 7.1 × 3.6 × 2.8 cm with well‑enhancing solid and non‑enhancing cystic areas in the
Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and is typically characterized by a congenital reduction or absence of melanin pigment. These disorders are generally sub‑classified as oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism based on the extent of pigmentation of the skin, hair and eye. Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of 4 autosomal recessive disorders; whereas ocular albinism is X‑linked or uncommonly autosomal recessive. The coincidental presentation of oculocutaneous albinism with isolated plexiform orbital neurofibroma without any systemic manifestations of neurofibromatosis is very rare.
Figure 1: Proptosis of right eye in oculocutaneous albinism
Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijo.in DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.136259 PMID: ***
Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India Correspondence to: Dr. J Saravanan, Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore‑641 018, Tamil Nadu. India. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21.09.13; Revision accepted: 19.12.13
735
Figure 2: B-scan shows orbital mass indenting the eye ball
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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Vol. 62 No. 6
there was erosion of roof of the orbit with intracranial and extra dural extension. Optic nerve was displaced inferiorly by the mass. There was erosion of medial wall of the orbit with extension into the posterior ethmoidal sinus [Figs. 3 and 4]. Imaging features were in favor of orbital neurofibroma, so radiologist suggested fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Excision biospy was performed under general anesthesia (GA). Histopathological examination (HPE) showed features suggestive of plexiform neurofibroma. [Fig. 5] Neurosurgeon’s opinion was obtained. However, they could not guarantee a total extirpation of the intracranial part of the plexiform neurofibroma. Malignant transformation of intraorbital neurofibroma during radiation therapy has been reported.[5]Hence, radiotherapy was not advised. The patient was advised periodic follow up but she did not turn up. Figure 3: CT orbit shows cystic mass with peripheral enhancement extending into cavernous sinus with eroding lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Discussion Neurofibromas of the orbit are rare and account for 0.6-2.4% of all orbital tumors.[2] They may be of three subtypes namely, plexiform, diffuse and localized neurofibromas. Plexiform neurofibromas, the most common orbital subtype, occur exclusively in neurofibromatosis type 1.[6] Diffuse neurofibromas are usually the dermal variants; they rarely affect the orbit and are clinically indistinguishable from the plexiform subtype. Histologically, diffuse neurofibromas show greater cellularity, less collagen deposition, and lack the cellular peri‑neural sheathing characteristic of plexiform neurofibromas. Both the plexiform and diffuse subtypes lack clear margination and tend to be highly vascular.[6,7] Localized neurofibromas of the orbit are uncommon. They are relatively well circumscribed and much less vascular.[8]
Figure 4: MRI orbit shows mass with cystic space extending into cavernous sinus
Though this patient was diagnosed to have plexiform neurofibroma of the orbit, other clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis 1 were absent. Isolated plexiform neurofibromas without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 have been reported at other anatomical sites;[9] however, their location in orbit is relatively rare. Similar cases of orbital plexiform neurofibromas without the systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 have been reported in literature.[10] Oculocutaneous albinism is associated with syndromes such as Prader willi syndrome, Angelmann syndrome, Hermansky Pudlack syndrome and Chediak‑Higashi syndrome. [11] Oculocutaneous albinism has also been associated with other ocular disorders like Axenfield’s anomaly.[12] A very rare case has been reported showing the genetic associations between partial albinism and neurofibromatosis in two daughters of a family along with Axenfield’s defect, congenital deafness and peroneal muscular dystrophy.[13]
Figure 5: Histopathological study reveals plexiform neurofibroma H and E, ×10)
superior part of the right orbit. The mass extended posteriorly through the superior orbital fissure into the right cavernous sinus. Invasion of the lesser wing of sphenoid was also noted. Superiorly
However, isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma in association with albinism has not been reported so far. This rare case is reported for the coincidental presentation of oculocutaneous albinism and isolated orbital plexiform neurofibroma without any systemic features of neurofibromatosis 1 in the same patient and probably the first case to be reported.
June 2014 Brief Communications
References 1. Odebode TO, Afolayan EA, Adigun IA, Daramola OO. Clinicopathological study of neurofibromatosis type 1: An experience in Nigeria. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:116‑20. 2. Kuo PK, NI C, Seddon JM, Wu BF, Chen YJ. Orbital tumors among Chinese in the Shanghai area. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1982;22:87‑98. 3. Porterfield JF. Orbital tumours in children: A report on 214 cases. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1962;2:319‑35. 4. Funarunart P, Kayasut K, Hirunpat S, Preechawai P. Isolated orbital neurofibroma in NF‑1 negative patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2011;94:1281‑2. 5. Jamjoom AB, Malabarey T, Jamjoom ZA, Al‑Sohaibani M, Hulailah A, Kolawole T. Cerebro‑vasculopathy and malignancy: Catastrophic complications of radiotherapy for optic nerve glioma in a von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis patient. Neurosurg Rev 1996;19:47‑51. 6. Henderson JW, Campbell RJ, Farrow GM, Garrity JA. 3 rd. New York: Raven Press; 1994. Orbital tumors; pp. 221–37. 7. McLean IW, Burnier MN, Zimmerman LE, Jakobiec FA. In: Atlas of tumor pathology. 3rd. Rosai J, Sobin LH, editors. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1994. Tumors of the eye and adnexa; pp. 101-27.
737
8. Krohel GB, Rosenberg PN, Wright JE, Smith RS. Localized orbital neurofibromas. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:458‑8. 9. Blakley P, Louis DN, Short MP, MacCollin M. A clinical study of patients with multiple isolated neurofibromas. J Med Genet 2001;38:485‑8. 10. Jank S, Raubenheimer EJ, Bouckaert MR, Obrist P, Bodner G, Rudisch A, et al. Intraorbital plexiform neurofibroma in an NF‑1‑negative patient. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 2007;36:240‑4. 11. Olasode OA, Olateju OA, Olabanji JK, Olasode BJ. A review of Oculocutaneous Albinism and its syndromes. Egypt Dermatol Online J 2006;2:6. 12. Keshav BR, Mohammed MJ, Mahmood N. Oculocutaneous Albinism associated with Axenfeld’s Anomaly Three case reports. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2010;10:111‑3. 13. Bradley WG, Richardson J, Frew IJ. The familial association of neurofibromatosis, peroneal muscular atrophy, congenital deafness, partial albinism, and axenfeld’s defect. Brain 1974;97:521‑32. Cite this article as: Saravanan J, Rajendraprasad A, Priyadharshni S. An unusual combination of Unilateral Orbital Plexiform Neurofibroma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:735-7. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
Laboratory analyses of two explanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses
IOL optic, which had no change next to the surface. Further studies on these phenomena are needed.
Yunhai Dai *, Yusen Huang *, Ting Liu , Lixin Xie
Current soft foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) are usually made of silicone, hydrophilic acrylic, or hydrophobic acrylic. However, silicone IOLs may react with the silicone oil used in vitreoretinal surgery. Opacification and calcium deposits have been observed in different hydrophilic IOL models.[1,2] Hydrophobic acrylic IOLs present the phenomena of glistenings and/or surface light scattering.[3] Controversy remains on whether the severity of glistenings or surface light scattering could impact the visual function over time, with very few reports of IOL explantation. Herein, we report two cases of hydrophobic acrylic IOL explantation and related laboratory analyses.
1,2
2
2
2
Two three‑piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) were explanted from two patients at 7 and 9 years, respectively, after implantation, because of poor fundus visualisation and/or a clinically significant decrease in visual acuity related to their opacified IOLs. In addition to light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for the first time to observe the explanted IOLs. The clinical aspect seemed to correspond to the phenomenon of surface light scattering, while laboratory analyses showed dense glistenings in the central layer of the Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijo.in DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.136262 PMID: ***
Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China 1
Correspondence to: Lixin Xie, Shandong Eye Institute, 5 Yanerdao Road, Qingdao 266071, China. E‑mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 14.06.13; Revision accepted: 22.09.13 *Y. D and Y. H contributed equally to the work.
Key words: Glistenings, hydrophobic acrylic, intraocular lens
Case Reports Case 1 A 65‑year‑old man underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (Alcon MA60MA + 1.0 diopters, serial number 635084.092) in his right eye for cataract complicated with high myopia on April 17, 2002. Nine years later, the postoperative best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decreased from 20/40 (0.3 logMAR) to 20/200 (1.0 logMAR), and fundus visualization was obscured by the opacified IOL [Fig. 1a]. IOL explantation/replacement was thus performed, resulting in postoperative BCVA of 20/70 (0.5 logMAR) and improved fundus visualization with the new lens. Case 2 A 47‑year‑old man, who was diagnosed with cataract and Fuch’s corneal dystrophy in both eyes, underwent penetrating keratoplasty combined with IOL implantation (Alcon MA60MA + 5.0 diopters, serial number 774087.091) in his left eye, with postoperative BCVA of 20/40 (0.3 logMAR). Seven years later, he developed secondary glaucoma and
Copyright of Indian Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
