This article was downloaded by: [Michigan State University] On: 11 February 2015, At: 21:47 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzv20
An equine surgery and operating table J.G. Shaw B.V.Sc.
a
a
Veterinary Centre , Box 8169, Christchurch Published online: 23 Feb 2011.
To cite this article: J.G. Shaw B.V.Sc. (1976) An equine surgery and operating table, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 24:10, 229-232, DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1976.34328 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1976.34328
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
1976
Nl!W ZEALAND VETERINARY .JOURNAL
229
AN EQUINE SURGERY AND OPERATING TABLE J. G.
SHAW*
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
INTRODUCTION
More than half of the writer's group prac tice involves equine cases, mostly race hurses, and a large percentage of the sur gery associated with them is orthopaedic. For this reason, and because a prosthetic technique requiring good surgical facili ties has been used for surgical correction of laryngeal hemiplegia, an attempt was made to design and have constructed a unit which would fulfil the following: ( 1) A table: of suitable size and strength with adequate padding. (2) The table to be elevated reliably to a comfortable operating height. (3) The elevation to be: rapid so that after induction of anaesthesia and elevation the horse would still be deeply anaesthe:tized enough to al low easy passage of the endotracheal tube. ( 4) A safe and 'efficient method to move the: anaesthetized post-operative patient to a recovery room. The capital 'and maintenance costs of the theatre had to be met by the returns from surgical fees and, to avoid increasing these significantly, the construction was carried out using facilities already avail able. and using only essential items. The advantages of a unit such as this were: seen as: ( 1) The table stationed in a building would protect surgical procedures from dust and extremes of weather and a uniform light source would be provide:d. Thus, scheduled opera tions could be performed despite changes in the weather. Further. emergency surgery could be perform ed at night. (2) Once centralized, two or more opera tions could be scheduled for one; ses sion, thus making full use of a team of anaesthetist, nurse and surgeon.
(3) A full range of drugs and instruments could be kept in the surgery, along with electric sterilizer, dressings, etc. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
A hay bam 7.3 m X 18.3 m and high enough to accommodate: any procedure was available. This has been divided into three sections: a scrubbing and sterilizer room, a surgery, and a recove:ry room (in the hay store). The surgery floor is concrete laid to a depth of 100 mrn using material of 13.7 MPa crushing streng!h. A well is situated in the centre of the floor, 1.270 X 2.50 m in area and 0.46 m in depth, the walls and floor of this being 150.mm concrete. A drain is built into the: floor of the well. to allow water to drain out after wash~ ing. The table top and its supporting fraD1.el are built with rectangular 'liollow section steel (Fig 2). The top is free and sits on the frame which is extended by a hydrau lic cylinder acting on the scissors--like action of the frame's supporting legs. Rollers on the ends of the legs fit into tracks housed inside the base of the table; these allow the legs to slide in or out as the table is raised or lowered (see Fig. 1). The cylinder is driven by compressed air from an electric compressor ~roduc~ ing air between 5.4 and 8.7 bar (80 and 120 lb/sq. in.). The frame fits in the well so that, in the lowered position and with the table; top on, the top is flush with the concrete floor. Two ring bolts are set into depressions in the. concrete floor at each end of the table. These have shackles attached to them and take the weight of the horse as it sinks back after induction of ana~ tnesia. The bam is adequately illuminated by ceiling lamps, and for surgery a 500 W quartz-halogen spotlight is suspended: 2 m above the raised table. This is attach ed to a 90 cm wide re.volvable steel circle *J. G. Shaw. B.V.Sc., Veterinary Centre, Box 8169, and can thus be positioned at any place on the arc of the circle, and also tilts Christchurch.
230
,NEW ZEAI.,AND VETERINARY JOURNAL
~
VOL.
1
I'
"
"" ,.,;
:;': .,"
I.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
_1U,.. A.N_ _lLLCW_ _
[
,,0
~
\\.P:S"~' . r. .,
~rDC {t!-l.-4nJ.
_ _ __
~vet:-J;c...t9d
FIG. 1: Plan of table
24
1976
FIG 2: The well housing the frame, shown extended
by the hydraulic cylinder.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
231
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
FIG. 3: The elevated table showing the head and leg
boards connected.
up or down, thus effectively giving a spot The floor area surrounding the well is light on any part of the patient. covered with six to ten jute-covered mats Once raised, the table top can have its padded with two layers of underfelt (Fig. area extended by plywood boards sup 4). The mats measure 1.27x2.5 metres. ported by steel frames. These can be A covered neck rope is placed around plugged into various locations at either the horse's poll and the bottom threaded end or side of the table (Fig. 3). through the head collar. The horse is led The table top is cove:red by a 10 cm into the surgery and stood alongside the thick cushion made from a tough PVC table area so that the non-operative side padded with a slab of sponge rubber. is next to the table, and the neck rope is connected to a double lead rope by a PROCEDURE FOR AN OPERATION strong, stainless steel, snap clip. The two A standard anaesthetic technique is free. ends of the rope are passed through followed. If possible, the patient is admit the shackles situated in the concrete ted to the stables the night before sur floor, held by an assistant, and the horse is nose-twiched. gery. Induction is achieved using 3.5 g sodium Pre-medication (2.5 mg acepromazine/ SO kg body weight, intravenously) is thiamvlal per 500 kg and in a smooth pro given at least 20 minutes before surgery cess the horse sinks back, is held by the commences. neck rope, and falls over to the side and
FIG. 4: An operation in progress. The jute mats
. have been left on the floor.
FIG. 5: The'table top with wheels fitted in, straddling
the well.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
232
VOL. 24
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
on to the table top. SQme cO'ntrol Qf the horse's fall can be exerted by turning the head and by pressure on the rump. After the hO'rse has fallen on to' the lower ed table tQP, the table is qUickly raised by using the air-pump operated foot con trol. Elevation takes 55 seconds and sO' the horse is still anaesthetized sufficiently to allow easy passage Qf the endotracheal. tube. When fully elevate:d, the top is 92 cm frQm the ground. A to-and-fro anaesthetic machine with a vaporizer using halothane is then con nected,and head and leg supO'rting bO'ards are plugged intO' the table top; these are cushioned with inflated car inne.r tubes. The patient is nQW ready for pre operative shaving, etc. At this time the jute mats are lifted and stacked away. At the conclusion of surgery, the anae.s thetic machine is disconnected and the free table: tQP is cQnverted intO' a mQbile troHey. This is achieved by plugging in a whee:l on each side (0.76 m frQm the head end) and a jockey wheel in the centre of the tail end. The frame is lO'wered rapidly by ope:rating the fO'O't pump. releasing pressure from the system, and the table is left suported by the three wheels strad ling the well (Fig. 5). I t is no·w a simple manoeuvre for one persO'n to reverse the trO'lley and patient back O'ver the we.ll and then, by steering with the jockey wheel, to' push forward through a door in the wall Qf the surgery to' the recovery room (Fig. 6) where. the hO'rse is rO'lled O'ff the troUey and on to' the floor. The recovery room is simply a se.ction of a hay store. The shingle flQor is amply co·vered with loose straw and the walls
FIG.
6: A post.operative patient being wheeled into the recovery area.
are padded with bales of straw stacked two high. RESULTS
To date the table has been used 98 times in two years (97 hQrses, one bull). After induction the patients have all made safe landings but in sO'me cases the horse. has had to be rolled over Qr ad .iusted in an A.P. direction. The recoveries have been satisfactO'ry and nO' cases of pressure paralysis have occurred. It appe.ars that the size Qf a recovery area is not impo·rtant. The hQrse will O'ften lurch towards the wall on rising, but if left undisturbed will not gO' into the wall. The table is a little too wide for lapa rotomies, but these: have constituted Qnly 10% Qf the surgery undertaken. The unit was installed fQr less than $2 000 twO' years ago and at that figure has proved an econO'mical venture.
(Received lor publication August 24, 1976)
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzv20
An equine surgery and operating table J.G. Shaw B.V.Sc.
a
a
Veterinary Centre , Box 8169, Christchurch Published online: 23 Feb 2011.
To cite this article: J.G. Shaw B.V.Sc. (1976) An equine surgery and operating table, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 24:10, 229-232, DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1976.34328 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1976.34328
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
1976
Nl!W ZEALAND VETERINARY .JOURNAL
229
AN EQUINE SURGERY AND OPERATING TABLE J. G.
SHAW*
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
INTRODUCTION
More than half of the writer's group prac tice involves equine cases, mostly race hurses, and a large percentage of the sur gery associated with them is orthopaedic. For this reason, and because a prosthetic technique requiring good surgical facili ties has been used for surgical correction of laryngeal hemiplegia, an attempt was made to design and have constructed a unit which would fulfil the following: ( 1) A table: of suitable size and strength with adequate padding. (2) The table to be elevated reliably to a comfortable operating height. (3) The elevation to be: rapid so that after induction of anaesthesia and elevation the horse would still be deeply anaesthe:tized enough to al low easy passage of the endotracheal tube. ( 4) A safe and 'efficient method to move the: anaesthetized post-operative patient to a recovery room. The capital 'and maintenance costs of the theatre had to be met by the returns from surgical fees and, to avoid increasing these significantly, the construction was carried out using facilities already avail able. and using only essential items. The advantages of a unit such as this were: seen as: ( 1) The table stationed in a building would protect surgical procedures from dust and extremes of weather and a uniform light source would be provide:d. Thus, scheduled opera tions could be performed despite changes in the weather. Further. emergency surgery could be perform ed at night. (2) Once centralized, two or more opera tions could be scheduled for one; ses sion, thus making full use of a team of anaesthetist, nurse and surgeon.
(3) A full range of drugs and instruments could be kept in the surgery, along with electric sterilizer, dressings, etc. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
A hay bam 7.3 m X 18.3 m and high enough to accommodate: any procedure was available. This has been divided into three sections: a scrubbing and sterilizer room, a surgery, and a recove:ry room (in the hay store). The surgery floor is concrete laid to a depth of 100 mrn using material of 13.7 MPa crushing streng!h. A well is situated in the centre of the floor, 1.270 X 2.50 m in area and 0.46 m in depth, the walls and floor of this being 150.mm concrete. A drain is built into the: floor of the well. to allow water to drain out after wash~ ing. The table top and its supporting fraD1.el are built with rectangular 'liollow section steel (Fig 2). The top is free and sits on the frame which is extended by a hydrau lic cylinder acting on the scissors--like action of the frame's supporting legs. Rollers on the ends of the legs fit into tracks housed inside the base of the table; these allow the legs to slide in or out as the table is raised or lowered (see Fig. 1). The cylinder is driven by compressed air from an electric compressor ~roduc~ ing air between 5.4 and 8.7 bar (80 and 120 lb/sq. in.). The frame fits in the well so that, in the lowered position and with the table; top on, the top is flush with the concrete floor. Two ring bolts are set into depressions in the. concrete floor at each end of the table. These have shackles attached to them and take the weight of the horse as it sinks back after induction of ana~ tnesia. The bam is adequately illuminated by ceiling lamps, and for surgery a 500 W quartz-halogen spotlight is suspended: 2 m above the raised table. This is attach ed to a 90 cm wide re.volvable steel circle *J. G. Shaw. B.V.Sc., Veterinary Centre, Box 8169, and can thus be positioned at any place on the arc of the circle, and also tilts Christchurch.
230
,NEW ZEAI.,AND VETERINARY JOURNAL
~
VOL.
1
I'
"
"" ,.,;
:;': .,"
I.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
_1U,.. A.N_ _lLLCW_ _
[
,,0
~
\\.P:S"~' . r. .,
~rDC {t!-l.-4nJ.
_ _ __
~vet:-J;c...t9d
FIG. 1: Plan of table
24
1976
FIG 2: The well housing the frame, shown extended
by the hydraulic cylinder.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
231
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
FIG. 3: The elevated table showing the head and leg
boards connected.
up or down, thus effectively giving a spot The floor area surrounding the well is light on any part of the patient. covered with six to ten jute-covered mats Once raised, the table top can have its padded with two layers of underfelt (Fig. area extended by plywood boards sup 4). The mats measure 1.27x2.5 metres. ported by steel frames. These can be A covered neck rope is placed around plugged into various locations at either the horse's poll and the bottom threaded end or side of the table (Fig. 3). through the head collar. The horse is led The table top is cove:red by a 10 cm into the surgery and stood alongside the thick cushion made from a tough PVC table area so that the non-operative side padded with a slab of sponge rubber. is next to the table, and the neck rope is connected to a double lead rope by a PROCEDURE FOR AN OPERATION strong, stainless steel, snap clip. The two A standard anaesthetic technique is free. ends of the rope are passed through followed. If possible, the patient is admit the shackles situated in the concrete ted to the stables the night before sur floor, held by an assistant, and the horse is nose-twiched. gery. Induction is achieved using 3.5 g sodium Pre-medication (2.5 mg acepromazine/ SO kg body weight, intravenously) is thiamvlal per 500 kg and in a smooth pro given at least 20 minutes before surgery cess the horse sinks back, is held by the commences. neck rope, and falls over to the side and
FIG. 4: An operation in progress. The jute mats
. have been left on the floor.
FIG. 5: The'table top with wheels fitted in, straddling
the well.
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 21:47 11 February 2015
232
VOL. 24
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
on to the table top. SQme cO'ntrol Qf the horse's fall can be exerted by turning the head and by pressure on the rump. After the hO'rse has fallen on to' the lower ed table tQP, the table is qUickly raised by using the air-pump operated foot con trol. Elevation takes 55 seconds and sO' the horse is still anaesthetized sufficiently to allow easy passage Qf the endotracheal. tube. When fully elevate:d, the top is 92 cm frQm the ground. A to-and-fro anaesthetic machine with a vaporizer using halothane is then con nected,and head and leg supO'rting bO'ards are plugged intO' the table top; these are cushioned with inflated car inne.r tubes. The patient is nQW ready for pre operative shaving, etc. At this time the jute mats are lifted and stacked away. At the conclusion of surgery, the anae.s thetic machine is disconnected and the free table: tQP is cQnverted intO' a mQbile troHey. This is achieved by plugging in a whee:l on each side (0.76 m frQm the head end) and a jockey wheel in the centre of the tail end. The frame is lO'wered rapidly by ope:rating the fO'O't pump. releasing pressure from the system, and the table is left suported by the three wheels strad ling the well (Fig. 5). I t is no·w a simple manoeuvre for one persO'n to reverse the trO'lley and patient back O'ver the we.ll and then, by steering with the jockey wheel, to' push forward through a door in the wall Qf the surgery to' the recovery room (Fig. 6) where. the hO'rse is rO'lled O'ff the troUey and on to' the floor. The recovery room is simply a se.ction of a hay store. The shingle flQor is amply co·vered with loose straw and the walls
FIG.
6: A post.operative patient being wheeled into the recovery area.
are padded with bales of straw stacked two high. RESULTS
To date the table has been used 98 times in two years (97 hQrses, one bull). After induction the patients have all made safe landings but in sO'me cases the horse. has had to be rolled over Qr ad .iusted in an A.P. direction. The recoveries have been satisfactO'ry and nO' cases of pressure paralysis have occurred. It appe.ars that the size Qf a recovery area is not impo·rtant. The hQrse will O'ften lurch towards the wall on rising, but if left undisturbed will not gO' into the wall. The table is a little too wide for lapa rotomies, but these: have constituted Qnly 10% Qf the surgery undertaken. The unit was installed fQr less than $2 000 twO' years ago and at that figure has proved an econO'mical venture.
(Received lor publication August 24, 1976)
