Ambient Air Pollution and Stroke Petter L. Ljungman and Murray A. Mittleman Stroke. published online October 9, 2014; Stroke is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/10/09/STROKEAHA.114.003130.citation
Data Supplement (unedited) at: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2014/10/09/STROKEAHA.114.003130.DC1.html
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Topical Review Section Editors: Armin J. Grau, MD, PhD, and George Howard, DrPH
Ambient Air Pollution and Stroke Petter L. Ljungman, MD, PhD; Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH
S
troke is a leading cause of death in the United States1 and worldwide (http://www.who.int) and may lead to considerable neurological sequelae including aphasia, paraplegia, and dementia. The estimated healthcare costs of stroke in the United States exceed $36 billion per year.1 A large body of evidence supports the association between ambient air pollution exposure and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity,2 but only recently have several studies specifically demonstrated an association with increased stroke risk.
Background Major sources of air pollution include traffic, power plants and in developing countries, biomass combustion. Both particles and gases are emitted through combustion. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 60 years old, never-smokers, and among subjects with exposure levels
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/10/09/STROKEAHA.114.003130.citation
Data Supplement (unedited) at: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2014/10/09/STROKEAHA.114.003130.DC1.html
Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Stroke can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is available in the Permissions and Rights Question and Answer document. Reprints: Information about reprints can be found online at: http://www.lww.com/reprints Subscriptions: Information about subscribing to Stroke is online at: http://stroke.ahajournals.org//subscriptions/
Downloaded from http://stroke.ahajournals.org/ by guest on November 11, 2014
Topical Review Section Editors: Armin J. Grau, MD, PhD, and George Howard, DrPH
Ambient Air Pollution and Stroke Petter L. Ljungman, MD, PhD; Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH
S
troke is a leading cause of death in the United States1 and worldwide (http://www.who.int) and may lead to considerable neurological sequelae including aphasia, paraplegia, and dementia. The estimated healthcare costs of stroke in the United States exceed $36 billion per year.1 A large body of evidence supports the association between ambient air pollution exposure and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity,2 but only recently have several studies specifically demonstrated an association with increased stroke risk.
Background Major sources of air pollution include traffic, power plants and in developing countries, biomass combustion. Both particles and gases are emitted through combustion. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 60 years old, never-smokers, and among subjects with exposure levels
