Alternate Day Supplementation of Corn Stalk Diets with Sovbean Meal or Corn Gluten Meal Fed to Ruminants' 1

R. M. Collins2 and R. H. Pritchard

ABSTRACT: Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding corn gluten meal (CGM1 or soybean meal (SBM) at 24- or 48-h intervals to diets based on corn stalks. In each experiment corn stalks was the primary diet ingredient fed to wethers or steers. Monensin was also fed to determine whether its effects on ruminal fermentation would improve the efficiency of N utilization under these conditions. Evaluation criteria included ruminal fermentation characteristics, DM intake and utilization, N balance in sheep, and steer feedlot performance. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3 N1 concentrations measured over time were higher (P < .05) when diets contained SBM. Diet did not influence (P > .lo) total VFA concentrations in ruminal fluid. Differences in diurnal shifts in ruminal NH3 N and total VFA due to protein source resulted in diet x hour interactions (P < .05).Dry matter intake response

to protein source and frequency of supplement feeding was variable. Dry matter digestibility and nitrogen digestibility were not affected (P> .lo1 by protein source or feeding interval. The 48-h interval feeding of CGM was favorable compared with 24-h interval feeding (P < .051. The opposite response occurred with SBM, resulting in a diet x feeding interval interaction (P < .051. Nitrogen retention was greater (P < .05)when CGM was fed and with alternate day feeding. Diets that contained CGM supported higher (P < .05)ADG and gain/feed than diets that contained SBM when fed to steer calves. Alternate day feeding of supplements that contained monensin was detrimental to steer performance under the conditions of these experiments. Corn gluten meal is a n effective substitute for SBM when alternate day protein supplementation is practiced.

Key Words: Protein Supplements, Protein Degradation, Corn Gluten Meal, Soybean Meal, Feeding Frequency, Crude Protein J. Anim. Sci. 1992. 70:3899-3908

Introduction The low CP content of crop residues and dormant forages limits animal performance. S u p plemental CP can increase DMI (Elliott and Topps, 1903; Lee et al., 1985) and digestibility (Males, 1987) and improve live weight changes (Hughes et al., 1978; Males, 1987). A common practice among range livestock producers is to feed supplemental protein a t 48- or 72-h intervals to increase grazing time and

'Published with the approval of the Director of the South Dakota Agric. Exp. Sta. as Publ. No.2833 of the Journal Series. 2F'resent address: University of Wyoming, Laramie 80523. Received April 2, 1992. Accepted July 30, 1992.

reduce labor costs when cows graze dormant winter forage. Several studies have shown no detrimental effect on animal performance when protein supplements are fed at 48-h (Hunt et al., 19891, 72-h NcIlvain and Shoop, 19031, or QS-h intervals (Coleman and Wyatt, 1982). However, few studies have addressed protein escape and its effect on animal performance when fed at different feeding frequencies. Monensin is used in range protein supplements because of the increased growth rate and feed efficiency associated with its use on roughagebased diets (Faulkner et al., 1985). Alternate day supplementation of monensin does not seem to affect cow weight change compared to daily supplementation with or without monensin (Clanton et al., 1984). The level of monensin to be fed in alternate day supplementation programs is not

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Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0392

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COLLINS AND PRITCHARD

Table 1. Composition of diets when corn stalks were supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) (ET. 1 and 2)a Ingredient ~~

SBM~

CGM~

~

,.

Alternate day supplementation of corn stalk diets with soybean meal or corn gluten meal fed to ruminants.

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding corn gluten mean (CGM) or soybean meal (SBM) at 24- or 48-h intervals to diets based...
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