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ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Case report
Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache Bre`che durale accidentelle : combinaison de me´thodes prophylactiques pour e´viter l’apparition de ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale J. Gobin a,*, L. Lonjaret a, A. Pailhas b, F. Bayoumeu a, V. Minville a a b
De´partement d’anesthe´sie et re´animation, CHU de Toulouse, universite´ Paul Sabatier, hoˆpital Purpan, place du Dr-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France De´partement d’anesthe´sie et re´animation, CHG d’Albi, 22, boulevard Ge´ne´ral-Sibille, 81000 Albi, France
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article history: Received 8 December 2013 Accepted 31 March 2014
Accidental dural puncture (ADP) is a common complication of epidural catheter insertion, and may lead to post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), especially in obstetric patients. Epidural blood patch (BP) is the most effective treatment of PDPH. Prophylactic BP has shown its efficacy to prevent PDPH; nevertheless, this method may be insufficient. We report an ADP case before induction of labor in a 28-year-old parturient. To avoid PDPH, an intrathecal catheter was immediately inserted after ADP and an epidural catheter was also inserted at the interspace above. Catheters were kept in place for more than 24 hours. A prophylactic BP was performed immediately after removal of the intrathecal catheter. The patient did not experience any headache. This combination of treatments (intrathecal catheter insertion + prophylactic BP) may be a good alternative approach to prevent PDPH, even if it has to be warranted by other clinical studies. ß 2014 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of the Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
Keywords: Accidental dural puncture Post-dural puncture headache Epidural blood patch Intrathecal catheter
R E´ S U M E´
Mots cle´s : Bre`che durale accidentelle Ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale Blood patch Cathe´ter intrathe´cal
La bre`che durale accidentelle est une complication commune lors des abords pe´riduraux ; elle peut eˆtre a` l’origine de ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale (CPBD), en particulier en obste´trique. Le « blood patch » (BP) est le traitement le plus efficace des CPBD. Le BP pre´ventif a fait preuve d’efficacite´ pour pre´venir les CPBD ; ne´anmoins, cette technique est parfois insuffisante. Nous rapportons un cas de bre`che durale accidentelle, survenue avant l’induction du travail chez une femme de 28 ans. Pour e´viter les CPBD, nous avons imme´diatement introduit un cathe´ter intrathe´cal, puis inse´re´ un second cathe´ter dans l’espace pe´ridural sus-jacent. Les deux cathe´ters e´taient laisse´s en place pendant plus de 24 heures. Un BP prophylactique, via le cathe´ter pe´ridural, e´tait pratique´ imme´diatement apre`s le retrait du cathe´ter intrathe´cal. La patiente n’a pas pre´sente´ de CPBD. Cette combinaison de traitement (insertion d’un cathe´ter intrathe´cal + BP pre´ventif) pourrait eˆtre une solution pour e´viter l’apparition de CPBD, mais elle doit eˆtre confirme´e par des e´tudes cliniques. ß 2014 Publie´ par Elsevier Masson SAS pour la Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
1. Introduction Neuraxial analgesia is widely used for pain relief during labor. Accidental dural puncture (ADP) is a common complication of
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Gobin).
epidural blockade for labor analgesia and occurs in about 0.19% to 3.6% [1]. After an ADP, 50% to 88% of women may develop a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) [2,3]. Symptomatic conservative treatments (oral and intravenous caffeine, subcutaneous sumatriptan, oral gabapentin, oral theophylline) are lacking of effects for really treating PDPH [4]; epidural blood patch (BP) is considered as the gold standard [5,6]. Prophylactic treatments (epidural morphine, epidural or intrathecal saline, BP, intrathecal catheter
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019 0750-7658/ß 2014 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of the Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
G Model
ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 J. Gobin et al. / Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
2
insertion) have been used; but no clear consensus exists on how to best prevent PDPH after ADP [1]. Combination of prophylactic measures may perhaps be a more effective alternative. 2. Case A 28-year-old G2P0 woman was admitted for intra-uterine growth restriction at 38 weeks of gestation. She had no particular medical history. Her Body Mass Index was noted at 24. Before starting oxytocin induction protocol, an attempt was made to insert an epidural catheter at the L4-L5 interspace, in the sitting position, using a loss-of-resistance to saline technique with an 18-gauge Tuohy needle (Perifix1, B Braun, Melsungen, Germany). Unfortunately, an ADP occurred at the first attempt and was easily recognized. The epidural catheter was immediately placed intrathecally to avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The patient was informed of this complication and its possible consequences. After explanations and agreement of the patient, it was decided to repeat an epidural procedure, without removing the first catheter. Another physician placed the second catheter, using the same material and the same technique, at the L3-L4 interspace. The catheter was easily placed (3 cm) in the epidural space. Four mL of ropivacaine at 0.2% were administered as a first bolus in order to assess the absence of inappropriate motor blockade. Ten minutes later, 6 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% were injected to complete the first dose. During labor, pain relief was assessed using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) device. The intrathecal catheter was not used at any time. After a 10-h labor, a healthy girl was born by vaginal delivery. Both catheters were maintained initially for 24 hours: the intrathecal catheter was kept in place to avoid CSF leakage, and the epidural one in order to make a prophylactic BP. Twenty nine hours after ADP (19 hours after delivery), the intrathecal catheter was removed, and a prophylactic BP was immediately performed through the epidural catheter (injection of 15 mL of autologous blood). Then the epidural catheter was removed. The patient left the hospital on day 6. She attested that she stayed free of headache and neurologic symptoms on a phone call at day 15. 3. Discussion PDPH often occurs after ADP and may be associated with significant morbidity (severe headache, subdural hematoma). Conservative treatments such as bed rest, hydration, caffeine and acetaminophen are not effective enough. BP is widely used to treat resistant PDPH, even if its efficacy in obstetric patients may be less than among general surgical patients [8]. BP often leads to a drastic improvement of headache, but it may have a temporary effect and to be repeated to obtain a definitive pain relief [3,9]. Various techniques have been tested in order to prevent PDPH: prophylactic BP, epidural or intrathecal saline, epidural morphine and intrathecal catheter placement. Concerning prophylactic BP, results are conflicting. Scavone et al. [10] found no beneficial effect in parturient, except a shorter duration of PDPH symptoms for patients receiving a prophylactic BP. On the contrary, Kaul et al. [11] found that a prophylactic BP causes a significant reduction of the incidence of PDPH as compared to the absence of treatment or insertion of an intrathecal catheter in parturient. In their uncontrolled study, Trivedi et al. [12] found that BP was the best prophylactic option, and that the epidural saline group developed fewer headaches than the conservative treatment group. Use of epidural morphine showed promising results to prevent PDPH in a single randomized control trial: only 12% of women experienced PDPH, and no one needed a therapeutic BP [13]. Concerning the intrathecal catheter insertion, a significant reduction of PDPH has
been found by Ayad et al. [14], especially when it was left in place for 24 hours after delivery. In the meta-analysis by Apfel et al. [1], results of the studies were highly heterogeneous. An intrathecal insertion did not reduce the incidence of PDPH; nevertheless, the authors noted some benefits in 2 studies, when the catheter was kept in place for more than 24 hours. A more recent meta-analysis showed a reduction, non-statistically significant, of PDPH when an intrathecal catheter was inserted, but a significant decrease of curative BP [15]. In our case, a combination of these techniques has been proposed, after information and agreement of the parturient. An intrathecal catheter was immediately inserted after the ADP in order to avoid CSF leakage, and was kept in place for more than 24 hours. Immediately after intrathecal catheter removing, a prophylactic BP was performed in order to increase epidural pressure and clog the dural tear [1,5]. Nevertheless, our method may have some limitations. The optimal duration of maintaining both catheters remains unknown. But we thought that a delay longer than 24 hours was sufficient to decrease the rate of PDPH as suggested by positive studies on intrathecal catheter insertion and BP [14]. However, in order to limit the infectious risk and for our patient’s comfort, it was decided to remove them as soon as possible after this delay. Moreover epidural morphine administration could have been a simpler alternative, but the patient rejected it. Nevertheless, we have to be cautious about drawing conclusions. We described only one case, and the avoidance of PDPH may be due to chance. After ADP, the occurrence of PDPH is not predictable, but a majority of parturient experienced PDPH [2,3]. Moreover, prophylactic measures are associated with their own risks; so combining several may increase the overall risk of the patient, particularly the risk of infectious complications. 4. Conclusion In summary, a multimodal approach of PDPH prophylaxis has to be considered. After an ADP, an intrathecal catheter should be inserted for 24 h, and a prophylactic BP should be performed just after removal of the intrathecal catheter, while combination of prophylactic measures should have additional effects. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to confirm our case report. Disclosure of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. References [1] Apfel CC, Saxena A, Cakmakkaya OS, Gaiser R, George E, Radke O. Prevention of post-dural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture: a quantitative systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2010;105:255–63. [2] Choi PT, Galinski SE, Takeuchi L, Lucas S, Tamayo C, Jadad AR. PDPH is a common complication of neuraxial blockade in parturients: a meta-analysis of obstetrical studies. Can J Anaesth 2003;50:460–9. [3] Sprigge JS, Harper SJ. Accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache in obstetric anaesthesia: presentation and management: a 23-year survey in a district general hospital. Anaesthesia 2008;63:36–43. [4] Basurto Ona X, Martı´nez Garcı´a L, Sola I, Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;10: CD007887. [5] Fournet-Fayard A, Malinovsky JM. Ce´phale´es post-bre`ches me´ninge´es et blood patch : aspects the´oriques et pratiques. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2013;32: 325–38. [6] Thew M, Paech MJ. Management of post-dural puncture headache in the obstetric patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008;21:288–92. [8] Paech MJ, Doherty DA, Christmas T, Wong CA. Epidural Blood Patch Trial Group. The volume of blood for epidural blood patch in obstetrics: a randomized, blinded clinical trial. Anesth Analg 2011;113:126–33.
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
G Model
ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 J. Gobin et al. / Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx [9] Van de Velde M, Schepers R, Berends N, Vandermeersch E, De Buck F. Ten years of experience with accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache in a tertiary obstetric anaesthesia department. Int J Obstet Anesth 2008;17:329–35. [10] Scavone BM, Wong CA, Sullivan JT, Yaghmour E, Sherwani SS, McCarthy RJ. Efficacy of a prophylactic epidural blood patch in preventing post-dural puncture headache in parturients after inadvertent dural puncture. Anesthesiology 2004;101:1422–7. [11] Kaul B, Sines D, Vallejo MC, Derenzo J, Waters J. A five year experience with post-dural puncture headaches. Anesthesiology 2007;A1762.
3
[12] Trivedi NS, Eddi D, Shevde K. Headache prevention following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients. J Clin Anesth 1993;5:42–5. [13] Al-Metwalli RR. Epidural morphine injections for prevention of post-dural puncture headache. Anaesthesia 2008;63:847–50. [14] Ayad S, Demian Y, Narouze SN, Tetzlaff JE. Subarachnoid catheter placement after wet tap for analgesia in labor: influence on the risk of headache in obstetric patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28:512–5. [15] Heesen M, Klo¨hr S, Rossaint R, Walters M, Straube S, van de Velde M. Insertion of an intreathecal catheter following accidental dural puncture: a metaanalysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2013;22:26–30.
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Case report
Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache Bre`che durale accidentelle : combinaison de me´thodes prophylactiques pour e´viter l’apparition de ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale J. Gobin a,*, L. Lonjaret a, A. Pailhas b, F. Bayoumeu a, V. Minville a a b
De´partement d’anesthe´sie et re´animation, CHU de Toulouse, universite´ Paul Sabatier, hoˆpital Purpan, place du Dr-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France De´partement d’anesthe´sie et re´animation, CHG d’Albi, 22, boulevard Ge´ne´ral-Sibille, 81000 Albi, France
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article history: Received 8 December 2013 Accepted 31 March 2014
Accidental dural puncture (ADP) is a common complication of epidural catheter insertion, and may lead to post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), especially in obstetric patients. Epidural blood patch (BP) is the most effective treatment of PDPH. Prophylactic BP has shown its efficacy to prevent PDPH; nevertheless, this method may be insufficient. We report an ADP case before induction of labor in a 28-year-old parturient. To avoid PDPH, an intrathecal catheter was immediately inserted after ADP and an epidural catheter was also inserted at the interspace above. Catheters were kept in place for more than 24 hours. A prophylactic BP was performed immediately after removal of the intrathecal catheter. The patient did not experience any headache. This combination of treatments (intrathecal catheter insertion + prophylactic BP) may be a good alternative approach to prevent PDPH, even if it has to be warranted by other clinical studies. ß 2014 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of the Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
Keywords: Accidental dural puncture Post-dural puncture headache Epidural blood patch Intrathecal catheter
R E´ S U M E´
Mots cle´s : Bre`che durale accidentelle Ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale Blood patch Cathe´ter intrathe´cal
La bre`che durale accidentelle est une complication commune lors des abords pe´riduraux ; elle peut eˆtre a` l’origine de ce´phale´es post-bre`che durale (CPBD), en particulier en obste´trique. Le « blood patch » (BP) est le traitement le plus efficace des CPBD. Le BP pre´ventif a fait preuve d’efficacite´ pour pre´venir les CPBD ; ne´anmoins, cette technique est parfois insuffisante. Nous rapportons un cas de bre`che durale accidentelle, survenue avant l’induction du travail chez une femme de 28 ans. Pour e´viter les CPBD, nous avons imme´diatement introduit un cathe´ter intrathe´cal, puis inse´re´ un second cathe´ter dans l’espace pe´ridural sus-jacent. Les deux cathe´ters e´taient laisse´s en place pendant plus de 24 heures. Un BP prophylactique, via le cathe´ter pe´ridural, e´tait pratique´ imme´diatement apre`s le retrait du cathe´ter intrathe´cal. La patiente n’a pas pre´sente´ de CPBD. Cette combinaison de traitement (insertion d’un cathe´ter intrathe´cal + BP pre´ventif) pourrait eˆtre une solution pour e´viter l’apparition de CPBD, mais elle doit eˆtre confirme´e par des e´tudes cliniques. ß 2014 Publie´ par Elsevier Masson SAS pour la Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
1. Introduction Neuraxial analgesia is widely used for pain relief during labor. Accidental dural puncture (ADP) is a common complication of
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Gobin).
epidural blockade for labor analgesia and occurs in about 0.19% to 3.6% [1]. After an ADP, 50% to 88% of women may develop a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) [2,3]. Symptomatic conservative treatments (oral and intravenous caffeine, subcutaneous sumatriptan, oral gabapentin, oral theophylline) are lacking of effects for really treating PDPH [4]; epidural blood patch (BP) is considered as the gold standard [5,6]. Prophylactic treatments (epidural morphine, epidural or intrathecal saline, BP, intrathecal catheter
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019 0750-7658/ß 2014 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of the Socie´te´ franc¸aise d’anesthe´sie et de re´animation (Sfar).
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
G Model
ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 J. Gobin et al. / Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
2
insertion) have been used; but no clear consensus exists on how to best prevent PDPH after ADP [1]. Combination of prophylactic measures may perhaps be a more effective alternative. 2. Case A 28-year-old G2P0 woman was admitted for intra-uterine growth restriction at 38 weeks of gestation. She had no particular medical history. Her Body Mass Index was noted at 24. Before starting oxytocin induction protocol, an attempt was made to insert an epidural catheter at the L4-L5 interspace, in the sitting position, using a loss-of-resistance to saline technique with an 18-gauge Tuohy needle (Perifix1, B Braun, Melsungen, Germany). Unfortunately, an ADP occurred at the first attempt and was easily recognized. The epidural catheter was immediately placed intrathecally to avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The patient was informed of this complication and its possible consequences. After explanations and agreement of the patient, it was decided to repeat an epidural procedure, without removing the first catheter. Another physician placed the second catheter, using the same material and the same technique, at the L3-L4 interspace. The catheter was easily placed (3 cm) in the epidural space. Four mL of ropivacaine at 0.2% were administered as a first bolus in order to assess the absence of inappropriate motor blockade. Ten minutes later, 6 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% were injected to complete the first dose. During labor, pain relief was assessed using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) device. The intrathecal catheter was not used at any time. After a 10-h labor, a healthy girl was born by vaginal delivery. Both catheters were maintained initially for 24 hours: the intrathecal catheter was kept in place to avoid CSF leakage, and the epidural one in order to make a prophylactic BP. Twenty nine hours after ADP (19 hours after delivery), the intrathecal catheter was removed, and a prophylactic BP was immediately performed through the epidural catheter (injection of 15 mL of autologous blood). Then the epidural catheter was removed. The patient left the hospital on day 6. She attested that she stayed free of headache and neurologic symptoms on a phone call at day 15. 3. Discussion PDPH often occurs after ADP and may be associated with significant morbidity (severe headache, subdural hematoma). Conservative treatments such as bed rest, hydration, caffeine and acetaminophen are not effective enough. BP is widely used to treat resistant PDPH, even if its efficacy in obstetric patients may be less than among general surgical patients [8]. BP often leads to a drastic improvement of headache, but it may have a temporary effect and to be repeated to obtain a definitive pain relief [3,9]. Various techniques have been tested in order to prevent PDPH: prophylactic BP, epidural or intrathecal saline, epidural morphine and intrathecal catheter placement. Concerning prophylactic BP, results are conflicting. Scavone et al. [10] found no beneficial effect in parturient, except a shorter duration of PDPH symptoms for patients receiving a prophylactic BP. On the contrary, Kaul et al. [11] found that a prophylactic BP causes a significant reduction of the incidence of PDPH as compared to the absence of treatment or insertion of an intrathecal catheter in parturient. In their uncontrolled study, Trivedi et al. [12] found that BP was the best prophylactic option, and that the epidural saline group developed fewer headaches than the conservative treatment group. Use of epidural morphine showed promising results to prevent PDPH in a single randomized control trial: only 12% of women experienced PDPH, and no one needed a therapeutic BP [13]. Concerning the intrathecal catheter insertion, a significant reduction of PDPH has
been found by Ayad et al. [14], especially when it was left in place for 24 hours after delivery. In the meta-analysis by Apfel et al. [1], results of the studies were highly heterogeneous. An intrathecal insertion did not reduce the incidence of PDPH; nevertheless, the authors noted some benefits in 2 studies, when the catheter was kept in place for more than 24 hours. A more recent meta-analysis showed a reduction, non-statistically significant, of PDPH when an intrathecal catheter was inserted, but a significant decrease of curative BP [15]. In our case, a combination of these techniques has been proposed, after information and agreement of the parturient. An intrathecal catheter was immediately inserted after the ADP in order to avoid CSF leakage, and was kept in place for more than 24 hours. Immediately after intrathecal catheter removing, a prophylactic BP was performed in order to increase epidural pressure and clog the dural tear [1,5]. Nevertheless, our method may have some limitations. The optimal duration of maintaining both catheters remains unknown. But we thought that a delay longer than 24 hours was sufficient to decrease the rate of PDPH as suggested by positive studies on intrathecal catheter insertion and BP [14]. However, in order to limit the infectious risk and for our patient’s comfort, it was decided to remove them as soon as possible after this delay. Moreover epidural morphine administration could have been a simpler alternative, but the patient rejected it. Nevertheless, we have to be cautious about drawing conclusions. We described only one case, and the avoidance of PDPH may be due to chance. After ADP, the occurrence of PDPH is not predictable, but a majority of parturient experienced PDPH [2,3]. Moreover, prophylactic measures are associated with their own risks; so combining several may increase the overall risk of the patient, particularly the risk of infectious complications. 4. Conclusion In summary, a multimodal approach of PDPH prophylaxis has to be considered. After an ADP, an intrathecal catheter should be inserted for 24 h, and a prophylactic BP should be performed just after removal of the intrathecal catheter, while combination of prophylactic measures should have additional effects. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to confirm our case report. Disclosure of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. References [1] Apfel CC, Saxena A, Cakmakkaya OS, Gaiser R, George E, Radke O. Prevention of post-dural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture: a quantitative systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2010;105:255–63. [2] Choi PT, Galinski SE, Takeuchi L, Lucas S, Tamayo C, Jadad AR. PDPH is a common complication of neuraxial blockade in parturients: a meta-analysis of obstetrical studies. Can J Anaesth 2003;50:460–9. [3] Sprigge JS, Harper SJ. Accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache in obstetric anaesthesia: presentation and management: a 23-year survey in a district general hospital. Anaesthesia 2008;63:36–43. [4] Basurto Ona X, Martı´nez Garcı´a L, Sola I, Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;10: CD007887. [5] Fournet-Fayard A, Malinovsky JM. Ce´phale´es post-bre`ches me´ninge´es et blood patch : aspects the´oriques et pratiques. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2013;32: 325–38. [6] Thew M, Paech MJ. Management of post-dural puncture headache in the obstetric patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008;21:288–92. [8] Paech MJ, Doherty DA, Christmas T, Wong CA. Epidural Blood Patch Trial Group. The volume of blood for epidural blood patch in obstetrics: a randomized, blinded clinical trial. Anesth Analg 2011;113:126–33.
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
G Model
ANNFAR-5391; No. of Pages 3 J. Gobin et al. / Annales Franc¸aises d’Anesthe´sie et de Re´animation xxx (2014) xxx–xxx [9] Van de Velde M, Schepers R, Berends N, Vandermeersch E, De Buck F. Ten years of experience with accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache in a tertiary obstetric anaesthesia department. Int J Obstet Anesth 2008;17:329–35. [10] Scavone BM, Wong CA, Sullivan JT, Yaghmour E, Sherwani SS, McCarthy RJ. Efficacy of a prophylactic epidural blood patch in preventing post-dural puncture headache in parturients after inadvertent dural puncture. Anesthesiology 2004;101:1422–7. [11] Kaul B, Sines D, Vallejo MC, Derenzo J, Waters J. A five year experience with post-dural puncture headaches. Anesthesiology 2007;A1762.
3
[12] Trivedi NS, Eddi D, Shevde K. Headache prevention following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients. J Clin Anesth 1993;5:42–5. [13] Al-Metwalli RR. Epidural morphine injections for prevention of post-dural puncture headache. Anaesthesia 2008;63:847–50. [14] Ayad S, Demian Y, Narouze SN, Tetzlaff JE. Subarachnoid catheter placement after wet tap for analgesia in labor: influence on the risk of headache in obstetric patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28:512–5. [15] Heesen M, Klo¨hr S, Rossaint R, Walters M, Straube S, van de Velde M. Insertion of an intreathecal catheter following accidental dural puncture: a metaanalysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2013;22:26–30.
Please cite this article in press as: Gobin J, et al. Accidental dural puncture: Combination of prophylactic methods to avoid post-dural puncture headache. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.03.019
