Zootaxa 3768 (5): 596–600 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press

Article

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B2CE800C-DDC2-4D35-9260-32D66A4F216D

A new genus for a Chilean species of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) EDUARDO I. FAÚNDEZ1,2 1 2

Entomology Department, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, P.O. Box 6050; Fargo, ND. E-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Zoología Médica, Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad (CEBCh), Magallanes, 1979, Osorno, Chile

Abstract Sinopla canaliculus Reed, 1898 is revalidated and illustrated for first time. Pseudosinopla n. gen. (Blaudusinae: Lanopini) is erected to place S. canaliculus Reed, 1898. A key to Chilean Lanopini genera is included. Key words: Heteroptera, Acanthosomatidae, new genus, Chile

Introduction The Acanthosomatidae is a small family of Pentatomoids, which currently contains nearly 200 species, classified in 54 genera (Kment 2005). In Chile this family is represented by 13 species (Carvajal & Faúndez 2013), and many of these are quite unknown. Sinopla canaliculus Reed, 1898 is one of the most complicated species among the Chilean Acanthosomatidae. After its description, based on one female, it had never been collected again, and the type was lost for a long time. Prado (2008) placed this species without any justification as a junior synonym of Cylindrocnema plana Mayr, 1864. However several descriptive notes of Reed (1898) make very improbable that synonymy. Faúndez & Osorio (2010) removed this species from the synonymy of C. plana, and placed it as nomen dubium because of the lack of type material and the descriptive notes of Reed (1898). The type of S. canaliculus finally was found in the Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC, USA); it was confused because Reed’s collection passed to Carl Drake’s Collection, and only later to the Smithsonian collection itself (Faúndez 2010). The objective of this work is to clarify the status of this species and its placement within the Acanthosomatidae.

Material and methods On morphology and descriptions format we follow Kumar (1974); on terminology of metapleuron structures we follow Kment & Vilimová (2010). The photos were taken and edited with Syncroscopy®.

Results The examination of the type specimen of Sinopla canaliculus shows that it is a valid species, and does not match with any of the known Sinopla species (S. perpunctatus Signoret, 1864 and S. humeralis Signoret, 1864). I can confirm the rejection of the synonymy proposed by Prado (2008). The type specimen of S. canaliculus lacks the thick antennae characteristic of the genus Cylindrocnema; S. canaliculus has a different pronotum shape (i.e., without projected humeral angles) (see Figs. 1 and 3); it has a different efferent system (see figs. 6 and 9) and female genitalia; and finally S. canaliculus has an abdominal spine (which places it currently in a different subfamily) (Fig. 5). Additionally, S. canaliculus cannot be placed in any of the current described Acanthosomatidae genera; therefore a new genus must be erected to host it.

596 Accepted by C. Schaefer: 21 Jan. 2014; published: 28 Feb. 2014

Pseudosinopla n. gen. (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6) Type species: Sinopla canaliculus, Reed 1898

Diagnosis. Male unknown, Total length: 9mm, Pronotum width: 4.8mm. Head: anteclypeus extending beyond the anterior end of paraclypei; first antennal segment extending beyond paraclypei (at level with anteclypeus); bucculae united posteriorly; lateral margins of the head strongly concave; rostrum extending to the beginning of mesocoxae. Thorax and wings: Pronotum trapezoid, with deep transverse strigae followed intercalated with irregular carinaes, which give it an embossed surface (Fig.1.); cicatrices with a black spot on mesial limit; lateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly convex, and each anterolateral margins produced in a small tiny processes; thorax without any carina ventrally; ostiolar peritreme short (reaching one-third of metapleuron) (Fig.6), oval and fleshy, evaporatoria not well defined, with a strong but not dense punctuated surface (Fig.6); scutellum near to equilaterum triangular, with an ivory callous on each side of the base (Fig.1); wings not covering connexiva, and slightly extending beyond end of abdomen; femora wide at apices; tibiae short as same length as femora, without any canal or indentation. Abdomen and general body features: Abdominal spine thick, and reaching the mesocoxae (Fig.5); connexiva bicolored (brown and yellowish); Pendergrast’s organs present on 6th and 7th sternum, rounded; lateral margins of end of abdomen concave (Fig.4), basal plates trunctate and compact (Fig.4). General coloration dull yellowish with pink-reddish (Fig.1), ventral portion of abdomen light reddish to pink, dorsal surface covered by strong and deep brown punctures, punctation disperse with several unpunctated patches. Material examined. Chile, Valdivia, Sinopla canaliculus Reed, type, 1(f) deposited in the United States Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Etymology. Pseudo-, from Greek, which means false, and -Sinopla, the genus in which the type species was originally placed. The name makes reference to that Sinopla canaliculus is not a real Sinopla.

Discussion According to the Kumar (1974) classification, this new genus must be placed in the Bladusinae, and within this in the Lanopini. Pseudosinopla is close to the genera Ea Distant, 1911, and Sinopla, from which can be differentiated as below. Reed (1898) placed the type species of this new genus in Sinopla Signoret, 1864, because he believed that it is close to Sinopla, but wrote that probably it belongs to a new genus (“pero me parece formar un jénero nuevo”). The genus Sinopla was recently treated by Carvajal & Faúndez (2013) and its concept was redefined; S. canaliculus does not fall into it; therefore Pseudosinopla can be differentiated from Sinopla by the following characters: Pseudosinopla has very concave lateral angles of the head whereas Sinopla does not; Pseudosinopla has transverse carinae on the pronotum, whereas in Sinopla has none; the mesial limit of cicatrices of Pseudosinopla has black dots whereas Sinopla species have cicatrices that are immaculate; the ostiolar peritreme of Pseudosinopla is oval and fleshy (Fig.6) whereas the ostiolar peritreme of Sinopla is narrow and not fleshy (Fig.8); finally, the basal plates of females are more truncated and compact in Pseudosinopla, but in Sinopla they are more rounded. Among Lanopini, Pseudosinopla seems to be more closely related to Ea because they all have similar structures in the efferent systems; both genera share the truncate shape of the basal plates of the females; and the legs are similarly shaped. On the other hand, both genera can be differentiated by the following: Pseudosinopla has a deltoid pronotum, with transverse carinae and a black dot on the cicatrices (Fig.1), whereas Ea has a trapezoid pronotum, without any carinae and the cicatrices are immaculate (Fig.2); the abdominal spine of Pseudosinopla is long, thick, and robust (Fig. 5), whereas in Ea it is just a small tubercule; the ostiolar peritreme is little narrower in Pseudosinopla (Fig. 6), whereas in Ea it is more wide and long with the posterior portion strongly more convex (Fig. 7). Finally, in order to improve our knowledge of the Chilean Lanopini fauna, we provide a key to the genera of this tribe in Chile.

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PLATE I. Fig. 1. Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898), habitus. Fig. 2. Ea australis Distant, 1911, habitus. Fig. 3. Cylindrocnema plana, Mayr, 1864, habitus. Fig. 4. P. canaliculus, female terminalia. Fig. 5. P. canaliculus, abdominal spine.

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PLATE II. Fig. 6. Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898), Metapleuron. Fig. 7. Ea australis Distant, 1911, Metapleuron, Fig. 8. Sinopla perpunctatus Signoret, 1864, Metapleuron, Fig. 9. Cylindrocnema plana Mayr, 1864, Metapleuron.

Key to genera of Lanopini present in Chile 1(2) 2(1) 3(4) 4(3) 5(6) 6(5) 7(8) 8(7) 9(10) 10(9) 11(12)

Paraclypei contiguous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sniploa Signoret, 1864 Paraclypei not contiguous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Abdominal tubercle very short, nearly rudimentary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acrophyma Bergroth, 1917 Abdominal spine or tubercle well defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Paraclypei clearly extending beyond anteclypei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Phorbanta Stål, 1872 Paraclypei not clearly extending beyond anteclypei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Lateral margins of pronotum concave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lanopis Signoret, 1864 Lateral margins of pronotum not concave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ostiolar peritreme narrow, and not fleshy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sinopla Signoret, 1864 Ostiolar peritreme wide, and fleshy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Base of abdomen with a tubercle (reaching posterior end of metacoxae), pronotum trapezoid, scutellum isosceles-shaped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ea Distant, 1911 12(11) Base of abdomen with a thick spine (reaching mesocoxae), pronotum deltoid, scutellum near equilateral-shaped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pseudosinopla n.gen

Acknowledgement I Thank Thomas Henry and Michele Touchet from (USNM) for all their help locating the type specimen of S. canaliculus; Dave A. Rider and Máriom A. Carvajal (NDSU) for all they comments and conversations which help me during the realization of this work. This project was partially financed by the Knipling Thesis Enhancement Award, Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University.

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References Carvajal, M.A. & Faúndez, E.I. (2013) Rediscovery of Sinopla humeralis Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Zootaxa, 3637 (2), 190–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.10 Faúndez, E.I. (2010) A new synonymy in the genus Acledra Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 2572, 65–67. Faúndez, E.I. & Osorio, G.A. (2010) Contribution to the knowledge of Cylindrocnema plana Mayr, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, 38 (1), 159–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-686x2010000100013 Kment, P. (2005) Revision of the genus Mahea Distant, 1909 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae), with review of the Acanthosomatidae of Madagascar and Seychelles. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 45, 21–50. Kment, P. & Vilímová, J. (2010) Thoracic scent efferent system of the Tessaratomidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with implication to the phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa, 2363, 1–59. Kumar, R. (1974) A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera, with designation of types. Australian Journal of Zoology, Suppl. Ser. no. 34, 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ajzs034 Prado, E.C. (2008) Conocimiento actual de Hemiptera – Heteroptera de Chile con lista de especies. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 57, 31–75. Reed, E.C. (1898) Sinopsis de los Hemípteros de Chile. Primera parte: Heterópteros. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 2 (10–11), 128–138.

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