A CASE FROM THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC. By Mary Indiana
Rogers, M.A., University, Bloomington,
Ind.
came into the Orthogenics Clinic of Indiana lloyce G University the latter part of September, 1911, and has attended He is the school department and clinic daily for six months.
son and sixth child of prosperous American farmers, ambitions for him to leam "as our other children have lloyce was fifteen years old February 28, 1912; had
the third who
are
done." attended
a
record of
school for six years, with a very good but he had not been regularly enrolled for
village primary
attendance,
the past two years. At the age of one month he had severe spasms with whooping cough and measles; was a delicate baby, and was lie has had no other very slow in learning to walk and talk.
except tonsilitis occasionally,
sickness
and the minor ailments of
He has had excellent
care and good training; is well obedient; but is listless, without energy, lacking in those qualities which make a boy "a real live boy." He is physically about ten years old, undeveloped, small-featured,
childhood.
mannered, willing
a
pretty,
imately
docile
of
lad,
and
deliberate in
movement,
with the mind approx-
child.
seven-year-old anxiety of the parents did not result in any definite measure for improvement until August, 1911, when they took lloyce to the clinic in Indianapolis, and then moved to Bloomington in September to put him in care of the clinic teachers and laboratory assistants of the University Orthogenics Departa
The
ment.
When
lloyce came into the clinic he could not read or write. orally a number of three and four letter words, could count orally to forty-nine, but could not recognize figures except one and two. He expressed himself well, using for the most part correct grammar and a fair vocabulary. It was seen at once that his eyes were defective. Upon examination it was found that both eyes were affected by farsightedness and the left one by astigmatism. There was also a muscular imHe could spell
balance of the external and internal recti.
He
was
fitted with
spectacles for the visual defects, with hopes that the muscular defect would be improved by the more correct vision. His nose was found to be affected and an operation was performed. Each
inferior turbinated bone was dissected, so that made easier. The septum is yet to be straightened. (144)
breathing
was
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC. In
December, 1911, Royce
Binet-Simon scale for
examined
was
measuring intelligence,1
145
according to the following
with the
results:
Answered all
Age
5.
ing
and
16.
questions
to age of
five years, -f-2
The boxes of three different
telling
weights,
ten trials in lift-
the heavier, RECORD
65-G2.5 gr 130-125 gr.
Same....
S W W
Wrong... Right...
260-250 gr.
R W R
11 R W
11 R W
R W R
R R W
R W W
R W W
W W R
Eight, 14, 40 2-3 per cent. Wrong, 1G, 53 1-3 per cent. 17.
Drawing of square, -fTwo triangular pieces of rectangular visiting card put together like one given, -f- (31/-* minutes.) 18.
be
19.
Age
to
Count four pennies, -J-
6.
20.
Tests of
right
and left.
Point with Touch left
Point Raise
-f-
arm.
-J-
right leg. right arm. left leg.
Raise Raise
sentences of sixteen
21.
Repeat
22.
Aesthetic
23.
ear.
to left eye.
Raise left
in chart.
hand.
right
sense
of the
syllables, -fpretty and uglv faces
-fDefinitions of familiar objects, -f"A fork's to eat with." "It's
a
chair to set on."
"A horse is to ride on." "A house is to live in." "Mamma is
What does i
a
woman." do?
mamma
"Cook."
TnE Psychological Clinic. Vol. 5. No. 7, Dec. 15, 1911.
*+ ?
=
pasRed.
=
failed.
as
shown
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
146
Execution of
25.
Age. -jIs it morning
26.
Age
triple order given simultaneously.
24.
or
afternoon ?
of
body,
-f-
7. 27.
Missing parts
as
given
in chart
pictures.
1. ".Feet and hands."
2. "Mouth and nose." 3.
"Nothing." "Nobody; no hair, no eyes." Number of fingers on each and both hands. ?
4.
28.
"Ten
?
on
each hand."
"Fifteen
altogether." carefully counting: "Ten altogether," previous mistake.
After
but he did not
realize the 29. Write from copy. Draw diamond. 30.
Repeat five digits: -f-
31.
87654 43892 76821
48753 32.
Description
of actions and
scenes
of
pictures
in
sen-
instead of disconnected words, -j33. Count aloud thirteen pennies. -f34. Show penny, quarter, dime and nickel. +
tences
Age
8.
35. THREE HOUSES BURNED. New York, September 5th. A fire last night burned three houses in Water Street. It took some time to put it out. The loss was fifty thousand dollars, and seventeen families lost their homes. In saving a girl who was asleep in a bed, a fireman was burned on the hands.
(This story was read to him.) "They found a girl on the bed and firemen saved her. They
lost fifteen dollars." 36.
37.
Value of stamps. Naming colors: red,
Red
(green) +
?
Yellow
+ +
yellow,
green, blue. Green
(re(l)
Blue
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC. 38.
Count backward from
39.
Sentence written from dictation. Differences between: paper and cloth;
40. wood and
twenty
to
147
naught. ?
glass; 1.
butterfly
"They
fork; sugar and salt. spin cloth from flax and don't
and
knife and
spin
fly;
paper
from flax." 2. "A 3. 4.
5.
butterfly sucks honey out of flowers and fly just flies around the house." "Glass will break and you chop wood." "A knife's sharp and fork, you stick a fork in pickles and get them. With a knife you don't. You cut pickles with a knife." "Sugar's sweet and salt, you put salt on potatoes."
Age
9. All tests minus.
Age
10.
47.
Names of months.
48.
Denomination of money.
?
1.
2.
-f-
Sentence using three given words: boy, ball, river; dollar, lake. "The boy caught the ball and throwed it into the river." "The girl found a dollar in a lake."
49.
girl,
50.
Questions
of
reasoning.
What should you do?
(1) (2) (3)
When you miss a train ? When a friend hits you without meaning to ? When you break something that belongs to
(4)
somebody else ? When you are on your way to school and find it is later than usual ?
(5) Before you take part in something important? (G) What should you answer when asked to say what you think about very well ?
(7) Why one
should
we
forgive
when he is angrv
he is
some one
a
you don't know
wrong done
more
by some quickly than when
angry? (8) Why should you make up your mind about a words ? person by his actions instead of by his not
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
148
(1) "Wait for another." (2) No answer. (3) "Tell liini you didn't aim to." (4) "Run." (5) No answer. (6) "I think he is all right." (7) "Tell him to quit." (8) 'Cause you see him." digits repeated. "
50a. Six
Age
11.
51-53. 54.
Meaning
of
justice, charity,
kindness.
J us tice?'' Good.''
Charity?"Town." good:
Kindness?"Be 55.
Age
be kind to
Sentence with the words out of
anybody."
place.
12. 5G.
Seven
digits repeated. Meaning of rhyme. 58. Repeat twenty-six syllable sentence. -|59. (1) A girl who was walking in the woods in a park, saw something hanging from a branch of a tree that made her so much afraid that she ran to the nearest policeman, and told 57.
him what she had
What do you think she
seen.
saw
?
(2) My neighbor has been having strange visitors. First came a doctor, then a lawyer and then a preacher. Why did these three go to this house the one after the other ? What happened there ?
(1) "Bear." (2) "Somebody sick, preacher see
Age
and
lawyer going
to
them."
IS. All
questions minus.
The form board record was made during the fall term, recbeing kept of one hundred and twenty trials for fourteen days, extending over a period of thirty-one days. Table I shows each record, the mean and the mean variation of each day and of corresponding trials from time to time. The dotted lines indicate additional trials interrupting the practice curve by the turning of the board in various ways: i.e. end for end, side for ords
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC.
149
side, etc. Six of the additional records (forty-three trials) were kept (table II). It is interesting to note that the best speed was recorded in one of these trials (fifth trial, Dec. 7). M. M.V.
TABLE i.
Nov. 21.
36
Nov. 22.
32
Nov. 23.
32
Nov. 24.
44
38
45
28
25
! 26
30
25
28
32
15
18
20
14
Nov. 27.
26
! 23
26
17
Dec. 4.
25
21
30
20
20
16
23
21
i 38
Dec. 5.
;
40.2
i 30
28
30
29.3 1.8
15
19
18
17.1 2
19 ! 13
15
17
19
23
31
30
20
18 ! 14
17
17
27
17
25
16
21
15
17
Dec. 7.
25
21
15
13
16
Dec. 13
16
17
20
15
14
Dec. 18
15
14
12
20
Dec. 19
16
13
18
15
3.6
22.8 3.8
18
Dec. 6.
!
26.2 2.4
26
!
S
21
24
i
3.4
18
1 25
19
18
19.9 2.3
18.8 3.4
! 15
15
16
12
12
!
16
I 2.8
1 16.4 1.7
18
|
| J7
16
18
_20
15
13
16.1!
16
19
15
17
11
15.7 1.
2.3
| Dec. 20.
20
19
14
18
12
15
15
16
14
15
15.8 2
Dec. 21.
13
17
14
18
11
12
17
14
14
12
14.2
M.
22.7
21
21.6
19.9 20.3
18.3
19
19
17.6
16.7
3.8
4.1
M. V.
5.9
4.9
I
6.5
4.9
6.1
3.4
1.9
department Royce has had daily instruction rudimentary branches, manual training and physical train-
In the school in the
ing.
The results of six months
are:
He cannot yet read even the simplest sentences in the primer, lie knows all the letters and many single words, in fact, most of the primer words, but when the book is placed before him, he
TEE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
150
fails
storytelling method was used for some time, just what kind of stories he might take an interest. He would listen to the reading or telling of the story, occasionally making an intelligent comment, but for the most part remaining silent. He never remembered the next day what we had talked about, nor, if the story were left unfinished, did The
entirely. trying to find
in
He had
he ask for the remainder of it.
two stories which he
TABLE II.
Board Turned. Nov. 23.
30
40
34
40
30
30
25
18
21
16
Nov. 27.
40
27
29
39
32
35
37
20
35
29
Dec. 4.
19
15
17
20
21
35
30
33
32
30
Dec. 6.
18
15
14
15
15
Dec. 7.
14
16
1G
11
10
11
12
13
12
20
Dec. 13.
20
18
20
17
11
could the
tell, and always He
story."
told
cannot
one
of them if he
recognize figures,
or
accuracy beyond forty-nine. In writing he has made much progress. from copy and can read, if he has time to
were
spell
20
20
asked
count
He
18
to
"tell
orally witli write well
can
out the
words,
He has written one "story" of seven senabout their horse. He can be given a column of
what he has written.
tences, telling
letters and writes words containing the given letters and legibly without any suggestion or assistance. cat
t
torn
lame
e
see
b f
my
e
me
g
dog
r
run
may
k
kate
h i
correctly
boat
fly golf hat
He does
not associate in any way printed and written words. He has added a number of words to his oral spelling list, and is very good in oral sentence is able to make intelli-
gent
sentences
hesitation. In
work;
containing three given words, without
physical training he has shown
some
any undue
improvement. There
NEWS AND COMMENT. lias been in
a
151
increase in cliest measurement, in height, and more ability to coordinate his
slight
He is stronger and has
weight.
movements.
In the manual
supervision
and
trinket
a
the
box,
use
closest
training department,
assistance in
sled,
and
of the tools
supervision
is
a
he has made under direct
measurements,
wheelbarrow.
independently, required.
a
towel
Occasionally
rack,
a
he knows
but most of the time the
After the tests have been made in the clinic, a brief course The "prescripof further treatment is outlined for each child. tion" for Royce reads: "Practice in making the various association
tests, in
tests of
stress on
coordination,
in all
physical training, with special
boxing, wrestling and games. Walce the child up if Continue his writing and lead to printed letters, try-
possible. ing to interest him in the grouping of words in order to read. Attempt to teach him the numerals, as each letter of the alphabet has been taught. Arouse him to a continued interest. Above all, be patient and persistent. He has only just begun."
Rogers, M.A., University, Bloomington,
Ind.
came into the Orthogenics Clinic of Indiana lloyce G University the latter part of September, 1911, and has attended He is the school department and clinic daily for six months.
son and sixth child of prosperous American farmers, ambitions for him to leam "as our other children have lloyce was fifteen years old February 28, 1912; had
the third who
are
done." attended
a
record of
school for six years, with a very good but he had not been regularly enrolled for
village primary
attendance,
the past two years. At the age of one month he had severe spasms with whooping cough and measles; was a delicate baby, and was lie has had no other very slow in learning to walk and talk.
except tonsilitis occasionally,
sickness
and the minor ailments of
He has had excellent
care and good training; is well obedient; but is listless, without energy, lacking in those qualities which make a boy "a real live boy." He is physically about ten years old, undeveloped, small-featured,
childhood.
mannered, willing
a
pretty,
imately
docile
of
lad,
and
deliberate in
movement,
with the mind approx-
child.
seven-year-old anxiety of the parents did not result in any definite measure for improvement until August, 1911, when they took lloyce to the clinic in Indianapolis, and then moved to Bloomington in September to put him in care of the clinic teachers and laboratory assistants of the University Orthogenics Departa
The
ment.
When
lloyce came into the clinic he could not read or write. orally a number of three and four letter words, could count orally to forty-nine, but could not recognize figures except one and two. He expressed himself well, using for the most part correct grammar and a fair vocabulary. It was seen at once that his eyes were defective. Upon examination it was found that both eyes were affected by farsightedness and the left one by astigmatism. There was also a muscular imHe could spell
balance of the external and internal recti.
He
was
fitted with
spectacles for the visual defects, with hopes that the muscular defect would be improved by the more correct vision. His nose was found to be affected and an operation was performed. Each
inferior turbinated bone was dissected, so that made easier. The septum is yet to be straightened. (144)
breathing
was
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC. In
December, 1911, Royce
Binet-Simon scale for
examined
was
measuring intelligence,1
145
according to the following
with the
results:
Answered all
Age
5.
ing
and
16.
questions
to age of
five years, -f-2
The boxes of three different
telling
weights,
ten trials in lift-
the heavier, RECORD
65-G2.5 gr 130-125 gr.
Same....
S W W
Wrong... Right...
260-250 gr.
R W R
11 R W
11 R W
R W R
R R W
R W W
R W W
W W R
Eight, 14, 40 2-3 per cent. Wrong, 1G, 53 1-3 per cent. 17.
Drawing of square, -fTwo triangular pieces of rectangular visiting card put together like one given, -f- (31/-* minutes.) 18.
be
19.
Age
to
Count four pennies, -J-
6.
20.
Tests of
right
and left.
Point with Touch left
Point Raise
-f-
arm.
-J-
right leg. right arm. left leg.
Raise Raise
sentences of sixteen
21.
Repeat
22.
Aesthetic
23.
ear.
to left eye.
Raise left
in chart.
hand.
right
sense
of the
syllables, -fpretty and uglv faces
-fDefinitions of familiar objects, -f"A fork's to eat with." "It's
a
chair to set on."
"A horse is to ride on." "A house is to live in." "Mamma is
What does i
a
woman." do?
mamma
"Cook."
TnE Psychological Clinic. Vol. 5. No. 7, Dec. 15, 1911.
*+ ?
=
pasRed.
=
failed.
as
shown
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
146
Execution of
25.
Age. -jIs it morning
26.
Age
triple order given simultaneously.
24.
or
afternoon ?
of
body,
-f-
7. 27.
Missing parts
as
given
in chart
pictures.
1. ".Feet and hands."
2. "Mouth and nose." 3.
"Nothing." "Nobody; no hair, no eyes." Number of fingers on each and both hands. ?
4.
28.
"Ten
?
on
each hand."
"Fifteen
altogether." carefully counting: "Ten altogether," previous mistake.
After
but he did not
realize the 29. Write from copy. Draw diamond. 30.
Repeat five digits: -f-
31.
87654 43892 76821
48753 32.
Description
of actions and
scenes
of
pictures
in
sen-
instead of disconnected words, -j33. Count aloud thirteen pennies. -f34. Show penny, quarter, dime and nickel. +
tences
Age
8.
35. THREE HOUSES BURNED. New York, September 5th. A fire last night burned three houses in Water Street. It took some time to put it out. The loss was fifty thousand dollars, and seventeen families lost their homes. In saving a girl who was asleep in a bed, a fireman was burned on the hands.
(This story was read to him.) "They found a girl on the bed and firemen saved her. They
lost fifteen dollars." 36.
37.
Value of stamps. Naming colors: red,
Red
(green) +
?
Yellow
+ +
yellow,
green, blue. Green
(re(l)
Blue
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC. 38.
Count backward from
39.
Sentence written from dictation. Differences between: paper and cloth;
40. wood and
twenty
to
147
naught. ?
glass; 1.
butterfly
"They
fork; sugar and salt. spin cloth from flax and don't
and
knife and
spin
fly;
paper
from flax." 2. "A 3. 4.
5.
butterfly sucks honey out of flowers and fly just flies around the house." "Glass will break and you chop wood." "A knife's sharp and fork, you stick a fork in pickles and get them. With a knife you don't. You cut pickles with a knife." "Sugar's sweet and salt, you put salt on potatoes."
Age
9. All tests minus.
Age
10.
47.
Names of months.
48.
Denomination of money.
?
1.
2.
-f-
Sentence using three given words: boy, ball, river; dollar, lake. "The boy caught the ball and throwed it into the river." "The girl found a dollar in a lake."
49.
girl,
50.
Questions
of
reasoning.
What should you do?
(1) (2) (3)
When you miss a train ? When a friend hits you without meaning to ? When you break something that belongs to
(4)
somebody else ? When you are on your way to school and find it is later than usual ?
(5) Before you take part in something important? (G) What should you answer when asked to say what you think about very well ?
(7) Why one
should
we
forgive
when he is angrv
he is
some one
a
you don't know
wrong done
more
by some quickly than when
angry? (8) Why should you make up your mind about a words ? person by his actions instead of by his not
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
148
(1) "Wait for another." (2) No answer. (3) "Tell liini you didn't aim to." (4) "Run." (5) No answer. (6) "I think he is all right." (7) "Tell him to quit." (8) 'Cause you see him." digits repeated. "
50a. Six
Age
11.
51-53. 54.
Meaning
of
justice, charity,
kindness.
J us tice?'' Good.''
Charity?"Town." good:
Kindness?"Be 55.
Age
be kind to
Sentence with the words out of
anybody."
place.
12. 5G.
Seven
digits repeated. Meaning of rhyme. 58. Repeat twenty-six syllable sentence. -|59. (1) A girl who was walking in the woods in a park, saw something hanging from a branch of a tree that made her so much afraid that she ran to the nearest policeman, and told 57.
him what she had
What do you think she
seen.
saw
?
(2) My neighbor has been having strange visitors. First came a doctor, then a lawyer and then a preacher. Why did these three go to this house the one after the other ? What happened there ?
(1) "Bear." (2) "Somebody sick, preacher see
Age
and
lawyer going
to
them."
IS. All
questions minus.
The form board record was made during the fall term, recbeing kept of one hundred and twenty trials for fourteen days, extending over a period of thirty-one days. Table I shows each record, the mean and the mean variation of each day and of corresponding trials from time to time. The dotted lines indicate additional trials interrupting the practice curve by the turning of the board in various ways: i.e. end for end, side for ords
CASE FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY CLINIC.
149
side, etc. Six of the additional records (forty-three trials) were kept (table II). It is interesting to note that the best speed was recorded in one of these trials (fifth trial, Dec. 7). M. M.V.
TABLE i.
Nov. 21.
36
Nov. 22.
32
Nov. 23.
32
Nov. 24.
44
38
45
28
25
! 26
30
25
28
32
15
18
20
14
Nov. 27.
26
! 23
26
17
Dec. 4.
25
21
30
20
20
16
23
21
i 38
Dec. 5.
;
40.2
i 30
28
30
29.3 1.8
15
19
18
17.1 2
19 ! 13
15
17
19
23
31
30
20
18 ! 14
17
17
27
17
25
16
21
15
17
Dec. 7.
25
21
15
13
16
Dec. 13
16
17
20
15
14
Dec. 18
15
14
12
20
Dec. 19
16
13
18
15
3.6
22.8 3.8
18
Dec. 6.
!
26.2 2.4
26
!
S
21
24
i
3.4
18
1 25
19
18
19.9 2.3
18.8 3.4
! 15
15
16
12
12
!
16
I 2.8
1 16.4 1.7
18
|
| J7
16
18
_20
15
13
16.1!
16
19
15
17
11
15.7 1.
2.3
| Dec. 20.
20
19
14
18
12
15
15
16
14
15
15.8 2
Dec. 21.
13
17
14
18
11
12
17
14
14
12
14.2
M.
22.7
21
21.6
19.9 20.3
18.3
19
19
17.6
16.7
3.8
4.1
M. V.
5.9
4.9
I
6.5
4.9
6.1
3.4
1.9
department Royce has had daily instruction rudimentary branches, manual training and physical train-
In the school in the
ing.
The results of six months
are:
He cannot yet read even the simplest sentences in the primer, lie knows all the letters and many single words, in fact, most of the primer words, but when the book is placed before him, he
TEE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
150
fails
storytelling method was used for some time, just what kind of stories he might take an interest. He would listen to the reading or telling of the story, occasionally making an intelligent comment, but for the most part remaining silent. He never remembered the next day what we had talked about, nor, if the story were left unfinished, did The
entirely. trying to find
in
He had
he ask for the remainder of it.
two stories which he
TABLE II.
Board Turned. Nov. 23.
30
40
34
40
30
30
25
18
21
16
Nov. 27.
40
27
29
39
32
35
37
20
35
29
Dec. 4.
19
15
17
20
21
35
30
33
32
30
Dec. 6.
18
15
14
15
15
Dec. 7.
14
16
1G
11
10
11
12
13
12
20
Dec. 13.
20
18
20
17
11
could the
tell, and always He
story."
told
cannot
one
of them if he
recognize figures,
or
accuracy beyond forty-nine. In writing he has made much progress. from copy and can read, if he has time to
were
spell
20
20
asked
count
He
18
to
"tell
orally witli write well
can
out the
words,
He has written one "story" of seven senabout their horse. He can be given a column of
what he has written.
tences, telling
letters and writes words containing the given letters and legibly without any suggestion or assistance. cat
t
torn
lame
e
see
b f
my
e
me
g
dog
r
run
may
k
kate
h i
correctly
boat
fly golf hat
He does
not associate in any way printed and written words. He has added a number of words to his oral spelling list, and is very good in oral sentence is able to make intelli-
gent
sentences
hesitation. In
work;
containing three given words, without
physical training he has shown
some
any undue
improvement. There
NEWS AND COMMENT. lias been in
a
151
increase in cliest measurement, in height, and more ability to coordinate his
slight
He is stronger and has
weight.
movements.
In the manual
supervision
and
trinket
a
the
box,
use
closest
training department,
assistance in
sled,
and
of the tools
supervision
is
a
he has made under direct
measurements,
wheelbarrow.
independently, required.
a
towel
Occasionally
rack,
a
he knows
but most of the time the
After the tests have been made in the clinic, a brief course The "prescripof further treatment is outlined for each child. tion" for Royce reads: "Practice in making the various association
tests, in
tests of
stress on
coordination,
in all
physical training, with special
boxing, wrestling and games. Walce the child up if Continue his writing and lead to printed letters, try-
possible. ing to interest him in the grouping of words in order to read. Attempt to teach him the numerals, as each letter of the alphabet has been taught. Arouse him to a continued interest. Above all, be patient and persistent. He has only just begun."
